Christokos Vs Theotokos

Definisi :

Christokos - Maria adalah bunda Kristus sebagai manusia (word incarnation)

Theotokos - Maria adalah bunda Kristus yang sebagai manusia (word incarnation) sekaligus sebagai bunda Allah (deity) - God bearer

Definisi pertama adalah definisi Protestan pada umumnya, sedangkan definisi kedua adalah definisi Katholik Roma.

Istilah Christokos diawali oleh pernyataan Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople pada Konsili Efesus pada tahun 431 AD. Pernyataan ini dikeluarkan oleh dia karena dia menentang penggunaan istlah Theotokos yang telah dipakai oleh gereja (Barat - Roma - Vatikan).

Nestorius wrote:

"It is adequate to call Mary Mother of Christ (Christokos). But, she is not the Mother of God. God has no mother."

Akibatnya, Nestorius di cap bidat (heretic). Kelompok Nestorius ini disebut Nestorian.

Pihak Katholik Roma mendasarkan faham Theotokos berdasakan kisah narasi di bawah ini

Luk 1:43 Siapakah aku [Elisabeth] ini sampai ibu Tuhanku [Maria] datang mengunjungi aku?

CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Paragrah 466, 495

Quote:

466. The Nestorian heresy regarded Christ as a human person joined to the divine person of God's Son. Opposing this heresy, St. Cyril of Alexandria and the third ecumenical council at Ephesus in 431 confessed "that the Word, uniting to himself in his person the flesh animated by a rational soul, became man." Christ's humanity has no other subject than the divine person of the Son of God, who assumed it and made it his own, from his conception. For this reason the Council of Ephesus proclaimed in 431 that Mary truly became the Mother of God by the human conception of the Son of God in her womb: "Mother of God, NOT THAT THE NATURE OF THE WORD OF HIS DIVINITY RECEIVED THE BEGINNING OF ITS EXISTENCE FROM THE HOLY VIRGIN, but that since the holy body, animated by a rational soul, which the Word of God united to himself according to the hypostasis, was born from her, the Word is said to be born according to the flesh." 495. Called in the Gospels "the mother of Jesus," Mary is acclaimed by Elizabeth, at the prompting of the Spirit and even before the birth of her son, as "the mother of my Lord" [Lk 1:43; Jn 2:1; 19:25; cf. Mt 13:55; et al]. In fact, the One whom she conceived as man by the Holy Spirit, who truly became her Son according to the flesh, was none other than the Father's eternal Son, the second person of the Holy Trinity. Hence the Church confesses that Mary is truly "MOTHER OF GOD" (THEOTOKOS).

Apa yang akan saya tulis ini adalah pemikiran saya sendiri, tidak mengusung pemikiran Nestorian.

Tinjauan atas Lukas 1:43

[ITB] Luk 1:43 Siapakah aku ini sampai ibu Tuhanku datang mengunjungi aku?

[Transliterasi] Luk 1:43 kai pothen moi touto ina elthe e meter tos kuriou mou pros eme;

[DRB] Luk 1:43 And whence is this to me that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

[ISV] Luk 1:43 Why should this happen to me, to have the mother of my Lord visit me!


Perhatikan, dalam penulisan kisah diatas, Lukas memilih kata yang dipakai secara tepat adalah 'kurios', bukan 'theos'

Bandingkan dengan narasi pada pasal yan sama di bawah ini

Luk 1:6

(DRB) And they were both just before God, walking in all the commandments and justifications of the Lord without blame.

(ISV) Both of them were righteous in the sight of God, and they lived blamelessly according to all of the commandments and regulations of the Lord.

(ITB) Keduanya adalah benar di hadapan Allah dan hidup menurut segala perintah dan ketetapan Tuhan dengan tidak bercacat.

(Translit) esan de dikaioi amfoteroi enantion tos theos, poreuomenoi en pasais tais entolais kai dikaiomasin tos kuriou amemptoi.


Kurios : - Ketuanan

G2962
κύριος
kurios
koo'-ree-os
From κῦρος kuros (supremacy); supreme in authority, that is, (as noun) controller; by implication Mr. (as a respectful title): - God, Lord, master, Sir.

Theos :- Keillahian

G2316
θεός
theos
theh'-os
Of uncertain affinity; a deity, especially (with G3588) the supreme Divinity; figuratively a magistrate; by Hebraism very: - X exceeding, God, god [-ly, -ward].

Penggunaan kata 'kurios' tidak selalu merujuk pada 'keilahian', seperti dalam narasi berikut ini :

Luk 12:45

(DRB) But if that servant shall say in his heart: My Lord is long a coming; and shall begin to strike the men-servants and maid-servants, and to eat and to drink and be drunk:

(ISV) "But if that servant says to himself, 'My master is taking a long time to come back,' and begins to beat the other servants and to eat, drink, and get drunk,

(ITB) Akan tetapi, jikalau hamba itu jahat dan berkata di dalam hatinya: Tuanku tidak datang-datang, lalu ia mulai memukul hamba-hamba laki-laki dan hamba-hamba perempuan, dan makan minum dan mabuk,

(Translit) ean de eipe ho doslos ekeinos en to kardia autos, xronizei ho kurios mou erxesthai, kai arxetai tuptein tous paidas kai tas paidiskas, esthiein te kai pinein kai methuskesthai,

ISV memilih kata yang tepat yaitu : 'master' sebagai translasi dari 'kurios'

Allah, untuk menyatakan dirinya dalam bentuk manusia, maka Dia harus menjadi daging (incarnate), Dia harus menjadi seorang Anak [child] manusia [bukan Putera (Son) Manusia]

Maka dikatakan Seorang Anak dilahirkan

Sebelum Seorang Anak dilahirkan, maka Sang Putera ini harus diberikan terlebih dahulu. Dia diberikan, karena Dia sudah ada sejak semula [Eternally Exist]

Isa 9:6 ciy ´ yeled yulad ´ lanu baN niTaN ´ lanu vaT'hiy hamiS'rah ,al ´ $ik'mO vayik'ra` $'mO pele` yov,atz `al gibOr `aViy,ad Sar ´ $alOM


yeled yalad : bayi dilahirkan

ben nathan : putera diberikan

Sang Putera datang datang ke bumi menjadi manusia -berasal dari kekekalan.

Maka

Sang Putera kembali ke Sorga - kembali kdalam kekekalan




Secara Literal , bila merujuk pada narasi Lukas 1:43, maka seharusnya adalah Kuriostokos, bukan Theotokos.

Bukan suatu kebetulan, Lukas memilih untuk menggunakan kurios daripada theos saat menuliskan narasi ini.

Salam